A base is defined as a substance which, when dissolved in water, produces OH- also known as the hydroxide ion.
H+ ions
Acids form hydrogen ions (H+) while bases form hydroxide ions (OH-). These ionic differences relate to the properties of acids and bases because they are what give them their properties in a water solution.
Alkalis are bases that contain hydroxide ions (OH-) and are soluble in water. This means they can create strongly basic solutions when dissolved in water. Other bases may not necessarily contain hydroxide ions and may not be as easily soluble in water.
Not all dilute basic solutions are weak bases. Dilute solutions can still contain strong bases like sodium hydroxide, which dissociates completely in water to form hydroxide ions. This makes it a strong base, even in dilute solutions.
In aqueous solutions, most bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-) as the active ingredient. These hydroxide ions are responsible for the basic properties of the solution, such as their ability to accept protons (H+) from acids.
Detergent solutions are usually slightly basic because they contain surfactants that can act as weak bases.
electrolyte solutions
hydroxide ions (OH-). When a compound is dissolved in a base, it will accept protons (H+) from the base, forming water and the conjugate acid of the compound. Bases have a pH above 7.
Bases have a high concentration of OH- in solutions. Substances like NaOH and KOH are strong bases.
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, can be caustic and turn red litmus paper blue. - Basic solutions have a PH higher than 7 - Aqueous solutions or molten bases dissociate in ions and conduct electricity.
Acids and bases dissociate in solution into ions. They no longer exist as molecules. The acids become H+ ions and their associated anions, and the bases become OH- ions and their associated cations. Let's look at a couple of examples. In the base sodium hydroxide, NaOH, the Na+ and OH- ions will be found in solution, and in hydrochloric acid, HCl, the H+ and Cl- ions will be found in solution.
Such solutions are called concentrated acids or bases. In these solutions, the acids and bases are present in high concentrations, but they do not neutralize each other due to the excess of one over the other.