No, you cannot collect unemployment since you are still employed, even if you have lost work hours.
Unemployment compensation is not taken out of paychecks of the workers. The business pays a payroll tax to the state who uses part of the the proceeds to pay unemployment benefits.
If you got unemployment in 2012 you do have to file taxes if you didn't have the taxes taken out of the unemployment you received.
In general, no.
Yes
It is a combination of Disability and Unemployment insurance.
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Yes. Unreturned unemployment benefits overpayments may be deducted from your federal income tax refund.
No; Medicare is paid for by payroll taxes and employers and employees.
About one to one and a half hours. Not long at all
yes
Above the ones required by law to be withheld (generally taxes and FICA and unemployment, etc), you can chose any that your employer will allow...he has no obligation to provide the service.