The short answer is... yes. Insurance companies consider that situation to still be your responsibility, especially since insurance coverage follows the car first, driver second.
yes
no. It could be, depending on the details.
In Massachusetts the answer is YES. If more than one person is going to be driving your car then you have to have the appropriate insurance for that person. The laws do vary from state to state so check with your insurance company.
Yes
No, driving violations are based on the drivers lic. not the vehicle they were driving
Yes it does. The cancellation of an insurance policy is not retroactive.
It depends, they could or they could have you sign an exclusion on that driver, which means that if that person ever drives the car again and gets into an accident the insurance company will not be responsible for damages.
Certainly the person that was driving without a license. It would depend on the circumstances if anyone else did.
Everybody covered by the insurance
Generally speaking, if your insurance has to pay out, then there probably will be an increase. Good luck.
It shouldn't go on your record but it may go on your claims history.
If someone owns a motor trade insurance policy and gets involved in an accident on vehicle not owned by them, if its their fault, they go through their own insurance and car owners insurance doesn't get involved. If its not their fault, they claim against third party insurers. Most of the time the vehicle repair cost gets given to the car owner but if motor trade insurance holder has bought the vehicle but hasn't transferred the ownership onto their name, they then need to provide some sort of proof that they purchased the vehicle, with previous owners confirmation.