An S trap would go through the floor. A P trap goes through the wall. As long as the drain is below the bottom of the sink, it should drain. Distance between the bottom of the sink, the trap and the drain does not matter, it just changes how much water stay in the drain. Normally it is just in the trap, but it can be above the trap if circumstances cause the trap to be lower than usual.
Basin
Up to 20,000 feet the fixture units and developed length are not exceeded.the key is to make sure the vent (even over 20,000 lineal feet) is pitched UP from the fixture being served so any condensation will flow back to the drain being servedEven with a very long run (20,000 PLUS) there should be no problems associated as long as the fixture units are below max allowed for the developed length of piping and fitting losses
If you have a floor drain, there is a trap on the bottom of that. The main line shouldn't have a trap in it. There does not need to be one on the main because each fixture should have one and that's just another place for a clog to form.
Size of any drain is calculated by fixture units (7.48 gallons) and pitch of pipe with many codes giving a bare min sizes
when using the same vent stack as a lavatory you must cut in the 2" sanitary tee for the washing machine trap below the 2"X1 1/2" tee catching the sink waste. the lower the better. Try not to exceed 24" from washer drain outlet to washer trap. Also,Never flush a major fixture past a minor fixture
Basin
To drain the over flow from a tank or fixture
By developed length and the amount of fixture units attached (1 FU =7.48 gallons) 1 cu ft
Water is more affected by the surface geometry of the fixture than the hemisphere. Snopes gives a nicely detailed explanation at the link below of the urban legend that claims drains drain opposite on different sides of the equator.
By properly sizing the vent by fixture units and developed lengh and pitching it up from the fixture it serves
By the fixture units connected and the developed length of piping and fitting
It is NOT because the tank is full and no more water can fit. (Obviously). I said it drains each time it is filled (over and over), down to a point and then it does not drain (any farther). Does anybody know the answer to THAT question? There IS NO TANK. It's on a sewer. No tank. If sounds to me as if there is a blockage somewhere in the drain line and as the sink drains it empties and fills the pipe down to the point of the clog and slows up once the pipe is full. If only one particular fixture (sink) is doing this, then the blockage has to be between that fixture and where it ties into the main sewer line out of the house, and if any other fixtures drain into that line before it reaches the main and are working properly the clog is somewhere before the second line ties in.
Depending on which code your using, I normally vent a trap with in 2 ft of the fixture and I place the trap no further then 2 ft from the fixture EXCEPT for floor drain as I can install them with in 15 ft of a vented line
You would have a severe reduction of the drainage fixture units that would be able to drain
If the drain is used as a wet vent for another fixture 2". Otherwise 1.5".
Remove the boiler drain at the bottom of the water heater,and install a tee with the branch facing up. Replace the boiler drain! Above the tee is where you put the approved for pottable water pump,with the arrow pointing toward the tee.(you can put a shut off above and below the pump for servicing)From the top of the pump you now run a line to the farthest fixture,of a conventional water line system, and tee into the hot before any shutoff or fixture.(insulating the hot water lines would definitely save energy)If you are trying this on a home run (or header)system, you will have to run a separate line back from every fixture to an other header,and then to the top of the pump. P.S. Be sure you label the shut offs to make sure no one closes them when the pump is in operation.
Normally a fixture trap BUT in some cases can be used as a storm or floor drain trap and it looks like the letter P