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How many base pairs make up a codon?
A codon consists of three base pairs, which encode for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid or a start/stop signal in the genetic code.
Why would an insertion or deletion mutation have more effect than a substitution mutation?
Base-pair insertions have a greater effect because they shift the information on the DNA down and change all following information, whereas substitutions may change only one amino acid or have no effect. -The base-pairs code for amino acids in groups of three. If just one base is added in, then this grouping is shifted upstream by one. The incorrect amino acids will be coded for and added to the protein being built. It could possibly stop the protein from being synthesized fully if the change creates a stop codon. This usually hinders the protein from functioning. -Base-pair substitution mutations only affect the codon (set of 3 base pairs) that it actually occurs in. If the mutation is in the first base-pair of the codon then the amino acid will change. If the mutation is in the second or third position of the codon then amino acid may or may not change; this is because amino acids can be coded for by more than one codon, but the first base-pair (and sometimes the second) is usually the same. A substitution can also change a codon to a stop codon. This may keep the amino acid the same, change only one amino acid (which does not always stop the protein from working), or cause the protein to prematurely stop being built.
How many bases in codon of an amino acid?
A codon is made up of 3 base pairs.
What is the shortest gene?
The shortest gene is theoretically a single codon gene which codes for a single amino acid. This gene would consist of a start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA).
Suppose one of the bases on the mRNA was changed would the same tRNA molecule still attach to the strand?
If a base on the mRNA is changed, it may affect the binding of the corresponding tRNA molecule as the anti-codon of the tRNA needs to match the codon on the mRNA for proper attachment. If the base change results in a different codon that still codes for the same amino acid, then a tRNA with the appropriate anti-codon can still attach. However, if the change alters the codon to encode a different amino acid, a different tRNA molecule with the corresponding anti-codon for the new codon would attach instead.
What term describes the base sequence that corresponds to a single amino acid?
Codon
When is a single base substitution mutation least likely to be deleterious?
A single base substitution mutation is least likely to be deleterious when it occurs in a non-coding region of DNA, such as in an intron or in a region with no functional significance. Additionally, if the mutation results in a silent or synonymous change in the amino acid sequence, it may not have a noticeable effect on the protein's function.
How many base pairs make up a codon?
A codon consists of three base pairs, which encode for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid or a start/stop signal in the genetic code.
What does the three letter base sequence of DNA specify?
The three base sequence in DNA is called a codon.
What is a Complimentary codon?
A complimentary codon is one that pairs with another codon according to the base pairing rule. For example, the DNA codon ATG is complimentary to the mRNA codon UAC.
What is a anyi-codon?
an anticodon is a base sequence on tRNA which is completmently to the codon on the mRNA strand.
Why would an insertion or deletion mutation have more effect than a substitution mutation?
Base-pair insertions have a greater effect because they shift the information on the DNA down and change all following information, whereas substitutions may change only one amino acid or have no effect. -The base-pairs code for amino acids in groups of three. If just one base is added in, then this grouping is shifted upstream by one. The incorrect amino acids will be coded for and added to the protein being built. It could possibly stop the protein from being synthesized fully if the change creates a stop codon. This usually hinders the protein from functioning. -Base-pair substitution mutations only affect the codon (set of 3 base pairs) that it actually occurs in. If the mutation is in the first base-pair of the codon then the amino acid will change. If the mutation is in the second or third position of the codon then amino acid may or may not change; this is because amino acids can be coded for by more than one codon, but the first base-pair (and sometimes the second) is usually the same. A substitution can also change a codon to a stop codon. This may keep the amino acid the same, change only one amino acid (which does not always stop the protein from working), or cause the protein to prematurely stop being built.
What are some types of genetic mutations?
Mis sense: change of a base resulting in a different amino acid Non sense: change of a base resulting in a stop codon Addition: extra base is added Deletion: a base is deleted Substituion: a base is replaced.
What is the three base sequence in mRNA?
The three base sequence in mRNA is called a codon. Codons code for specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal.
WHAT HAPPEN IF YOU CHANGE A SINGLE BASE CODON?
If one base in a codon was changed, this would be a point mutation. This may not cause any change in the structure of the protein, or it could be severely damaging. Since most amino acids have more than one codon, it's possible that the mutation would result in one of the other codons for that amino acid. In that case, there would be no change in the sequence of amino acids, and no change in the structure or function of the protein. A point mutation might also result in a codon that codes for a totally different amino acid, which can cause a genetic disorder. One example of a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation is sickle cell anemia. It's also possible that the point mutation could cause the codon to code for a stop signal. Please read the article in the related links for more information.
What happens if you change a single base in codon?
If one base in a codon was changed, this would be a point mutation. This may not cause any change in the structure of the protein, or it could be severely damaging. Since most amino acids have more than one codon, it's possible that the mutation would result in one of the other codons for that amino acid. In that case, there would be no change in the sequence of amino acids, and no change in the structure or function of the protein. A point mutation might also result in a codon that codes for a totally different amino acid, which can cause a genetic disorder. One example of a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation is sickle cell anemia. It's also possible that the point mutation could cause the codon to code for a stop signal. Please read the article in the related links for more information.
What produces a nonsense mutation?
A nonsense mutation is a genetic mutation in a DNA sequence that leads to the appearance of a stop codon where previously there was a codon specifying an amino acid. DNA is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides. During protein formation, DNA (or RNA) nucleotide sequences are read three nucleotides at a time in units called codons, and each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop codon, which is also called nonsense codon because it does not code for an amino acid and instead signals the end of protein synthesis. Therefore, nonsense mutations occur when a premature nonsense or stop codon is introduced in the DNA sequence. When the mutated sequence is translated into a protein, this premature stop codon results in the production of a shortened, and likely nonfunctional, protein.
