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In fruit flies white eyes are an X-linked trait (found on the X sex chromosome). Like humans, the females have two X chromosomes and the males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Determine the sex of the fly:

If the fly in question is a male then it cannot be a carrier. If it is a female then it could be a carrier since white eyes are a recessive trait. (Males are said to be hemizygous since they do not have matching sex chromosomes.)

Preform a cross test:

To see if a female is a carrier for white eyes (heterozygous for the trait) mate her with a red-eyed male. If she is heterozygous, then all the female offspring should have red eyes (half are carriers for white eyes). Half of the male offspring should have white eyes and the other half should have red eyes. The males get one X chromosome from the mother and one Y chromosome from the father so any expression of red or white eye color comes from the mother; the presence of white-eyed male offspring proves that the mother is a carrier (heterozygous).

If she is homozygous for red eyes then 100% her offspring will have red-eyes in the test cross.

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Q: If you had a red eyed fruit fly but didnt know whether or not it was a carrier for white eyes how could you find out?
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