Obviously 22shorts which is a 22caliber rimfire only shorter than the standard long rifle bullet
No
.45 Long Colt.
It will be marked on the barrel. If you can't see it, you need to see a gunsmith.
Your Winchester model 1894 angle eject(AE) will accept any commercial made ammunition marked by caliber .45 colt.
you should not use 32 Winchester special ammo in a 32-40 rifle! these are two complete different cartridges and you may injure yourself,and blow up a otherwise fine old marlin rifle.one of the major manufactures still load 32-40 ammo from time to time.check with Winchester,Remington or federal.There is also some small company,s that make hard to find ammo which the 32-40 is becoming,so look to the internet for your ammo.
Your winchester model 1903 shoots a different ammo than regular .22cal rimfire made today.It is chambered for the .22 Winchester auto rimfire cartridge.This ammo can still be found I believe at Old western scrounger. Try www.old western scrounger.com.I believe they are 12.95 a box for 50 rounds,maybe a bit more.
There were .22 'shorts' and .22 LR (long rifle) models made. Read your barrel to determine which you have.
22 Long Rifle
first of all Winchester never made a rifle in 34 Winchester special,I am assuming that you mean 32 Winchester special.If that is the case it will use 32 Winchester special ammo.I would advise you to have a competent gunsmith go over the rifle and ensure that you have the right caliber and it is safe to shoot before going to the range.
Winchester made some that did. Remington also, IIRC.
Yes
The basic 30-30 cartridge- my personal choice is the 30-30 Leverlution ammo by Hornady.