One person, one-vote principle.
The Constitution
validate a descrimination on the basis of ancestry
Supreme Court justices are often chosen on the basis of their qualifications. However, since being a judge is a political position, justices can also be chosen based on their political viewpoints.
5, 6, and 14.
Any court, even a lower state or federal District Court, can find a federal law that is relevant to a case or controversy before that count unconstitutional, if the court has a rational basis for making such determination. These cases often end up being petitioned to the US Supreme Court for a definitive answer.
It is the basis for the excersie of judicial review
It formed the basis for the need of Judicial review.
The districts must be equally populatedDistrict lines must be contiguous or connectedRedistricting cannot dilute minority voting strengthDistrict lines cannot be drawn solely on the basis of raceDistricts must be compactCommunities of interest must be protected
Absolutely, yes. The US Supreme Court has overturned many lower court decisions on the basis of unconstitutionality of the law, as written or applied, or something that occurred in the legal process.
Rational basis test
If they are a licensed attorney and have been practicing for three years, and receive a nomination, anyone can apply to be sworn in to the Supreme Court Bar. They normally do a swearing in on a regular basis.
The United States court system is divided into judicial districts at all levels of government. Usually, municipal courts are lowest, district courts at the state level are next, and state supreme courts are the highest in any state. Federally, the United States is divided into district courts, with the Supreme Court being the highest in the country. There may also be appeal courts in between any of those levels.