If you levelled it up past what you could control, then yes, you would not be able to control your pokemon. You still get to keep that pokemon, and there is a chance that it will listen to your commands, but it will more likely ignore you. Once you get a high enough gym badge, you will be able to control it again.
With the seventh badge in Pokemon Ruby version, you can control caught or traded Pokemon up to level 70.
Level 30 or under
any Pokemon lower than 40
you don't have the necessary gym badge to control this pokemon (it is from trade or event)
any level up to 100
When you get the second badge from Misty, Pokemon you receive in trades up to level 30 will listen to you., while Pokemon with the same ID as your Yellow Version will always listen. When you get the fourth badge from Erika, Pokemon you receive in trades up to level 50 will listen to you, while Pokemon with the same ID as your Yellow Version will always listen. When you get the sixth badge from Sabrina, Pokemon you receive in trades up to level 70 will listen to you, while Pokemon with the same ID as your Yellow Version will always listen. When you get the eight badge from Giovanni, ALL Pokemon will listen to you, no matter what level or what their ID is.
This problem is because you don't have the correct badge to keep it under control. Go to the top-left building in Cerulean City to find what badge you need to control your traded Pokemon properly.
in viridian cityViridian city.
You can trade anytime after getting the 2nd badge, the reason being is because you need to have this badge in order to receive Pokemon from trade that will obey you otherwise if you trade any sooner they won't listen to you.
You first need to beat Giovanni at Silph co which is in saffron city once you do that you can go into the gym and receive your sixth badge from Sabrina.
You will get the 7th Badge which is the Volcano Badge from Blaine, the Gym Leader of Cinnabar Island however you will need to receive the Key from within the Pokémon Mansion before you can unlock the Gym's locked door.
The 8th Badge in Pokemon Diamond is called The Beacon Badge.