Fortinbras
Hamlet doesn't. Claudius does. Their names are Cornelius and Voltimand.
guard
King Hamlet won, and therefore won certain territories in Norway, which young Fortinbras resents.
about 10 000 years ago...
Fortinbras of Norway takes the throne after Claudius and Hamlet die
No it was not and it is unknown how or why it got that name.
Scandanavians
Fortinbras had it coming because his name was gay
Nope, at least the Norway government hasn't to stop funding terrorist organizations. On the other hand, he's a pretty well-rounded fellow and has probably read or seen Hamlet at some point.
Leif Erikson.
He ends up being King of Denmark. Since the entire royal family of Denmark gets dead in the last act, and Fortinbras happens to be there with an army, he wins by default. Fortinbras says that he has some claim to the throne of Denmark. This is crap--he has no claim at all as Claudius showed clearly in the first act. He is just a scumbag adventurer who happens to be in the right place at the right time.