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As chyme moves through the duodenum, it becomes less acidic and more alkaline. This is because the pancreas secretes bicarbonate ions into the duodenum, which helps neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach. Additionally, the liver also contributes bile salts to the duodenum, which further helps to alkalize the chyme.
Bile
bicarbonate
Secretin and Cholecystokinin are released from cells in the duodenal epithelium in response to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and releases gastric chyme into the duodenum for further konadigestion.
secretin
Cholocystokinin or CCK, is stimulated by the arrival of fat in the chyme. This emulsion occurs in the duodenum.
Chyme is the semifliud mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.
Bile released from the gallbladder into the duodenum --Bile from the gallbladder mainly serves to emulsify fats. It does serve neutralization purposes distally in the ileum. The main buffers of acidic chyme as it moves from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum, are pancreatic bicarbonate and secretions from the submucosal Von Brunners glands. The Goblet cells of the duodenal epithelium secrete mucus which helps to protect the small intestine from damage from the acidic chyme as well.
Duodenum
Chyme is expelled from the stomach into the duodenum. The duodenum is the first section of what will become the small intestine inside most vertebrates.
The valve preventing the movement of chyme from the duodenum into the stomach is called the pyloric valve. The pyloric valve consists of a ring of smooth muscle and is connected to the duodenum.
The pancreas secretes bicarbonate (HCO3-) to the chyme in the duodenum to neutralize it.