prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I, although some may say that anaphase I is the point where the cell goes from 2n to n, which in turn will make the amount of DNA diploid, but this is truly based on how you rationalize and understand this.
No a normal human will always have 46 chromosomes.
When a cell divides, each of the daughter cells should contain a copy of the entire genome. This is the reason why a copy of every chromosome has to be made so that one half can go into each daughter cell. If the parent call contained 23 chromosomes for example, during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle (of which prophase is a part), the total number of chromosomes will increase to 46 since each chromosome will be copied. When the cell divides to create two daughter cells, each daughter cell will contain 23 chromosomes.
Then it's a prokaryote cell (such as bacteria). If not a prokaryote then it just wouldn't be a cell because with eukaryote cells, if there are no chromosomes, there is no cell or life with that cell.
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Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
No a normal human will always have 46 chromosomes.
Fertilization
The chromosomes are replicated during interphase.
Chromosomes replicate when DNA replicates during the S phase (synthesis) of of the cell cycle.
When a cell divides, each of the daughter cells should contain a copy of the entire genome. This is the reason why a copy of every chromosome has to be made so that one half can go into each daughter cell. If the parent call contained 23 chromosomes for example, during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle (of which prophase is a part), the total number of chromosomes will increase to 46 since each chromosome will be copied. When the cell divides to create two daughter cells, each daughter cell will contain 23 chromosomes.
Then it's a prokaryote cell (such as bacteria). If not a prokaryote then it just wouldn't be a cell because with eukaryote cells, if there are no chromosomes, there is no cell or life with that cell.
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Interphase
Interphase
Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
The gametic life cycle exists in which the haploid form is always unicellular as in humans.
The cell cycle is controlled by specific cyclins, which are proteins that regulate the cell cycle.