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Inductive
what is the person who uses observations and clear reasoning to undrestand the processes and patterns in nature are called
Plato placed great importance on rational processes and believed that knowledge could be attained through reasoning and logic. Medieval scholars at Oxford, heavily influenced by Plato, also valued the role of rationality but often relied on religious teachings as a source of knowledge. On the other hand, Galileo emphasized the importance of observations and empirical evidence, challenging traditional beliefs and relying on direct observations to form his scientific theories.
Naturalist.
Naturalist.
Inductive
Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations or data. It is empirical in nature because it relies on evidence collected through observation or experiment to draw conclusions about broader patterns or trends.
Inductive reasoning use theories and assumptions to validate observations. It involves reasoning from a specific case or cases to derive a general rule. The result of inductive reasoning are not always certain because it uses conclusion from observations to make generalizations. Inductive reasoning is helpful for extrapolation, prediction, and part to whole arguments.
uniformity of nature
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what is the person who uses observations and clear reasoning to undrestand the processes and patterns in nature are called
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The Baconian method, developed by Francis Bacon, emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence and systematic observation in scientific inquiry. It promotes a structured approach to experimentation and data analysis to uncover truths about the natural world. The method involves making careful observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence.
Science is based on a mixture of all three: observations, laws of nature, and experimental data. The root of science, however, lies in observation.
inductive reasoning
In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theoryabout our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specifichypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach (please note that it's "bottom up" and not"bottoms up" which is the kind of thing the bartender says to customers when he's trying to close for the night!). In inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.