The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane (the resting potential) is around -65 mV, inside negative.
In nerve cells (neurones) or muscle cells this potential difference is reversed during an action potential. Sodium (Na+) channels open and Na+ ions enter the cell down their concentration gradient. This entry of positive charge depolarises the membrane ie it cancels out the resting pootential and then reverses it, so the potential becomes positive inside and negative outside, giving a potential of about +50mV.
As the axon repolarizes Na+ channels open to bring the cell from a resting state -70mv to -55mv and grater (grater being -55mv through 0mv).
Na+H2o+H2=2 Nhoh
Na cl2
Na+ does not affect pH.
Na2S
Na+ and Cl- are spectator ions.
An excitatory postsynaptic potential, a type of graded potential, occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region, or postsynaptic membrane, of a neuron. Graded potentials are generated by chemically gated channels, whereas action potentials are produced by voltage-gated channels.
Na+is bigger
As the axon repolarizes Na+ channels open to bring the cell from a resting state -70mv to -55mv and grater (grater being -55mv through 0mv).
Na+-K+ ATPase
Na+H2o+H2=2 Nhoh
Na+ plus OH- plus H+ equals H2O plus Na+ plus Cl-
Na cl2
Na+ does not affect pH.
Na2S
Potassium has the largest atomic radius.
The neutral atom of potassium has the largest radius.