Yes. A sharp and B flat are the same pitch. However, they are notated differently, and used differently, in accordance with the effect required by the composer.
Offhand, I would say that is a misprint. However, a natural and flat means to return to a normal flat note after a double-flat. For example, suppose you are in a key with B-flat in the key signature, but you have an E-flat diminished chord, which includes B-double-flat. After that you have a regular B-flat. The natural cancels the double-flat, and the single flat returns to the usual note. After a double-sharp, a natural and sharp would do the same thing.
B-flat to C-sharp is an augmented 2nd.
No key signature has two of the same flat or sharp.
A sharp.
D minor - more specifically, D harmonic minor (the version of the minor scale with a flat 6 and a sharp 7). However, you will never see a key signature with a B flat and a C sharp. The key signature will only contain B flat.
No, F is the same as E sharp. B flat is the same as A sharp.
It depends honestly because there no such thing as an E sharp or F flat and also a flat is a sharp at the same time an A sharp is the same thing as B flat but between an A sharp And C sharp(or D flat) (also B and C is just like E and F) there is one and one half steps between those two notes. It honestly depends on what sharp and Flat youre talking about
b flat
On a b-flat trumpet, A sharp is played with the first valve, same same as B flat.
No. An A flat is the same as a G sharp and an A sharp is the same as a B flat. A flat and A sharps are two different notes, although they are the same distance from A.
D-flat
Same as B-flat.
Same as B-flat.
Offhand, I would say that is a misprint. However, a natural and flat means to return to a normal flat note after a double-flat. For example, suppose you are in a key with B-flat in the key signature, but you have an E-flat diminished chord, which includes B-double-flat. After that you have a regular B-flat. The natural cancels the double-flat, and the single flat returns to the usual note. After a double-sharp, a natural and sharp would do the same thing.
There actually is no such thing as a B sharp. It goes straight from B natural to C. C flat is B natural.
No. There are a (plus a flat and a sharp), b (plus b flat and b sharp), c (flat and sharp), d (flat and sharp), e (flat and sharp), f (flat and sharp), and g (flat and sharp). That makes a, b, c, d, e, f, g Plus the flat and sharp for each, making 21 notes of the scale.
Same as B-flat.