In signatories to the Berne Convention, yes.
Yes copyright protection is automatic, as soon as a work is "fixed in a tangible medium perceptible either by human eye or machine"
Unless other arrangements are made, the creator of the work is the automatic copyright holder.
Yes; because registration is not required, copyright protection is automatic.
Copyright protection is free and automatic, as soon as the work is fixed in a tangible medium.
Protection is automatic, and registration is not required.
Copyright protection is automatic, so it actually takes effort not to copyright something you create. That being said, copyright allows the creator to ascribe value do and potentially derive income from their creation.
The owner of the copyright. The owner can decide to hire a lawyer and pursue the case.
No; protection is automatic as soon as a work of sufficient originality is fixed in a tangible medium.
Yes; protection is automatic as soon as the work is fixed in a tangible medium.
No; protection was automatic in 1990.
Incredibly. Protection is automatic as soon as the work is fixed in a tangible medium.
Yes. Copyright protection is automatic as soon as the work is fixed in a tangible medium; registration is not required for protection.