There is no such thing as an "Intel Premium" processor, and the Intel Pentium is 16 years old.
Intel Pentium processor
No. No processor is, or ever has been, marketed as a "Pentium 5."
All Pentium 4 processors support SSE2.
The Intel Pentium bug was an issue with the Floating Point Unit (FPU), which is a section of the processor that performs floating-point calculations.The FPU bug only occurred on earlier Intel Pentium processors, which Intel replaced with fully functional processors.
Pentium processors are manufactured by Intel (http://www.intel.com/).
Series of processors / Generation of Pentium processors.
The Intel Pentium line encompasses many processors of many different architectures ranging from the original Pentium Processor of 1994 up to the Core 2 Duo based Pentium simply called the "Pentium". The Intel Pentium used to be Intel's flagship processor. Recently this position has been taken by the Core 2 Duo and Core i7. The Pentium now is reduced to a budget processor that offers lower performance but also lower cost.
It depends, but usually Intel is better. Older AMD processors (compared against the early Pentium 4) were much faster, however.
Most computing shops will sell Pentium Processors. They can also be bought online through Amazon, for example, or through the Intel website itself. Pentium Processors are often found on eBay.
The intel pentium M processor is meant to be an mobile microprocessor. It was designed specifically to work with laptops and notebooks. However, several companies have integrated them into their motherboards.
The basic diffreence is that in a mobile processor, they build it so that it uses as little power as possible, so that your battery lasts as long as possible. There are many ramifications to this, but that's the motivation.
The Pentium D is basically a dual-cored version of the Pentium 4. It is nowhere near as efficient or powerful as a Core 2 Duo, and it actually generates slightly more heat than a Pentium 4.