Firmware RAID
to connect multiple storage devices for redundancy or speed
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Devices is a form of secondary storage device that saves you work on more than one disk. That can mean that work saved on one side of the country can be stored on the other side of the country for greater safety
to connect storage devices such as hard disk drives to a PC
It's a device that manages the physical hard drives installed into you computer. Since it's very common when used in hardware RAID, it is often called a RAID controller.
A device or series of devices referred to as "Hot plugging or hot swapping" means that they can be changed out without having to shut down the main system in order to do so. Think of a USB thumb drive, how you can plug it in, use it, then disconnect it without ever having to reboot the computer. That is a good example of "Hot swap" technology. It is commonly used in RAID arrays or on device programming setups or disk duplicators.
raid 1 because RAID 1 device maintains a mirror of all the data in a partition on another partition of the disk on the array and NTFS support partitioning of disks
An Xserve RAID is a mass storage device offered by Apple Inc. It had a capacity of about 10.5 terabytes, which was filled and split into many 750 gb modules.
I'm not really sure what you really mean. You can set up a RAID array, but not a network that only consists of RAID. However, you can set a cluster NAS server which can utilize RAID arrays. However, RAID is never a substitute for backups, as with RAID arrays each storage device you add creates an additional point of failure - and in cases like RAID level 0 (striping), you will lose everything if even one drive fails.
maybe RAID
raid
I think that today's computers really have more than six components, although I guess this depends upon whether you are - in taxonomical language - a lumper or a splitter. For a start, I would not ignore the various data buses which create the connectivity between processor(s) and the memory chips, RAID arrays of SCISI/SATA drives, and lots of USB plugin sockets. Also, you will not get very far on your PC without an assortment of I/O devices to manage your mouse and keyboard and either a plugin or on-M/B graphics generator so you can see what you are doing (on the monitor or TV, depending), not to mention today's invaluable ethernet device so you can LAN and WAN and route away to your heart's content. Finally, do not forget the multi-voltage DC power supply, without which none of the aboce will even warm up let alone "glow" for you. I agree that simple is nice, and classification is always a boon to clearer understanding, but I don't think that your six components quite cover the ground, so to speak. Others may disagree, as is the way of the world!