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With respect to Socrates, he is referred to in works by Xenophon and Aristophanes. The chief source of our understanding of him, though, comes from the dialogues of Plato, one of his students. Those dialogues have been studied since Plato wrote them.

They are works of philosophic genius that have withstood all the tests of time. Aristotle, one of Plato's students, knew them well and argued against some of Plato's teachings while accepting others. Plato's dialogues and ideas were spread during the Hellenistic period and have been studied by scholars and mined by philosophers for 2400 years. Plato's Socrates in the dialogues probably expressed Platonic ideas that the historical Socrates never held; in other words, Plato probably used Socrates to express some of his own views. But some of those dialogues were circulated while people who knew the historical Socrates were still living and Plato's early dialogues probably provide a lot of accurate information about the historical Socrates.

The idea that Socrates was invented in the 20th century is without foundation.

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