yes
"Copyright obtained" is an unnecessarily wordy way of saying the material is protected by copyright.
no
An invention or idea cannot be protected by copyright, only by patent. The content of a description of an invention cannot be protected by patent, only by copyright. Printed matter recorded on a CD cannot be protected by patent, only by copyright. The way printed matter FUNCTIONS on a CD can be protected by patent but not copyright. The way the same material can be USED can be protected by copyright AND patent. You cannot patent or copyright something that was copied from someone else's work. So the answer would depend upon what aspect of CDs you're referring to.
There is no way
Using protected materials is legal if you have an exemption in the law or permission from the copyright holder.
Because registration is not required for protection, there is no way to tell how much software has been protected by copyright. On the other hand, since protection is automatic, you can also say that all software is protected by copyright.
If you draw something, it's automatically protected by copyright. Otherwise... "register" is way too long.
Under US law, yes. A work is protected by copyright as soon as it is created, and it would be a violation of copyright to copy IN ANY WAY even an unpublished draft work without the consent of the copyright holder.
Words and short phrases--even Harry Potter--cannot be protected by copyright, which is good because there's no easy way to check that. They can be protected as trademarks, though, and trademarks tend to be registered. To find out what names from Harry Potter are protected, you can search the online databases of both the US and UK copyright offices at the links below.
Much of copyright law consists of exemptions that allow schools certain limited unlicensed uses of protected materials. Beyond that, schools interact with copyright in much the same way any other institution or business would.
The lyrics to this song are copyright protected. They are not freely available, the only way is to purchase them.
In many cases, the copyright date determines how long the work will be protected (in other cases, it has more to do with the date of death of the author). For non-fiction works, the copyright date is an easy way to tell if the information is reasonably current.