Well, 4.3 is just a number that doesn't say much. Blood sugar level can be measure in mmol/L or mg/dl. Normal blood sugar varies depend on the lab a method to make the measurement, but it about 90mg/dl + or - 20 mg/dl ( 70mg/dl to 110mg/dl).
In mmol/L 90mg/dl will be about 4.95mmol/L and the range will be 3.8mmol/L to
6.05mmol/L.
On the other hand, A1C or HbA1c do not a measure blood sugar level, it is a measure of glycated hemoglobin (amount of hemoglobin that it is bond to sugar) ; but can be used to know blood sugar level for the last three months. This can be done because there are a correlation between the blood sugar level an the percent o hemoglobin that will be bond to sugar.
There are 2 tests - a regular blood glucose which could be anywhere from 30 to hundreds -- normal around 80. Or an A1C (A-one-C) that gives a 3-month "snapshot" and uses smaller numbers often reported in decimals from 4.0 to 8.0. So I'd say this 4.3 is an A1C and it is perfectly normal--- hence, you say, rightly, that your son is not diabetic.
Blood glucose is the level of sugars in the blood. Some glucose sugar in the blood is normal, however lower or higher than normal levels can indicate medical issues, particularly diabetes
Hyperglycemia is having a higher than normal level of blood sugar (blood glucose). A blood glucose level over 100 measured before you eat in the morning would be considered higher than normal.
A good blood glucose level indicates that a person has normal blood level. They are eating properly and they are taking good care of themselves health wise as well.
After a person has skipped a meal, the person's blood glucose level will stay at its normal level as there isn't any glucose absorbed. To maintain this normal blood glucose level, the pancreatic cells will secrete glucagon which stimulates the body to convert stored glycogen into glucose. There won't be any insulin secreted as insulin is only secreted when the blood glucose level increases beyond its normal level (for example, after a meal).
Hyperglycemia is having a higher than normal level of blood sugar (blood glucose). A blood glucose level over 100 measured before you eat in the morning would be considered higher than normal.
impaired glucose tolerance
To increase blood glucose level when it falls below normal
Glucose levels are different for different times. There are 3 glucose tests that are given. One is a fasting test, where your glucose levels are tested after fasting. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100 mg of glucose per dl of blood.
A person with fasting blood glucose level of 101 mg/dL would be classified as normal.
a range from 70-100 mg is a normal glucose level. An abnormal glucose level is over 126 mg.
Glucose levels are different for different times. There are 3 glucose tests that are given. One is a fasting test, where your glucose levels are tested after fasting. Normal fasting blood glucose level is less than 100 mg of glucose per dl of blood.
Pathophysiology