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No one can judge 'good' for you: that's a personal decision.

F colour on a diamond is toward the high-end of the desirable colour scale -- D colour being the highest grade in that category.

SI1 means that there is one Significant Inclusion in the stone -- Flawless or Internally Flawless being the highest grade in the clarity category.

You do not indicate the carat weight or the cut, both of which will help you evaluate 'good' on your own scale.

For an investment-quality diamond, unless the stone is more than about three carats, its clarity rating can diminish its value. Buying this diamond from a retailer may mean that you will never recover your original cost, since diamond retailers usually mark up diamonds in the 300% range.

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Q: Is a diamond with F color and S11 Clarity good or not?
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HbA1c?

DefinitionHbA1c is a test that measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin in your blood. Glycated hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that is formed when blood sugar (glucose) attaches to hemoglobin.Alternative NamesGlycated hemoglobin; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Hemoglobin - glycosylated; A1C; GHb; Glycohemoglobin; Diabetic control indexHow the test is performedBlood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How to prepare for the testNo special preparation is necessary.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedYour doctor may order this test if you have diabetes. It is used to measure your blood sugar control over several months. It can give a good estimate of how well you have managed your diabetes over the last 2 or 3 months.The test may also be used to screen for diabetes.You have more glycated hemoglobin if you have had high levels of glucose in your blood. In general, the higher your HbA1c, the higher the risk that you will develop problems such as:Eye diseaseHeart diseaseKidney diseaseNerve damageStrokeThis is especially true if your HbA1c remains high for a long period of time.The closer your HbA1c is to normal, the less risk you have for these complications.Normal ValuesAn HbA1c of 6% or less is normal. A HbA1c above 6.5% is a newly recommended criterion for diagnosing diabetes.If you have diabetes, you should try to keep your HbA1c level at or below 7%. However, you and your health care provider must decide what is a normal HbA1c level for you.Normal ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanAbnormal results mean that your blood glucose levels have been above normal over a period of weeks to months. If your HbA1c is above 7%, it means that your diabetes control may not be as good as it should be.High values mean you are at greater risk of diabetes complications. If you can bring your level down, you decrease your chances of long-term complications.Ask your doctor how often you should have your HbA1c tested. Usually, doctors recommend testing every 3 or 6 months.What the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)ReferencesInternational Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. July 2009 32:1344-1345.American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2010. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33 Suppl 1:S11-61.


Blood glucose monitoring?

DefinitionBlood glucose monitoring refers to the ongoing measurement of blood sugar (glucose). Monitoring can be done at any time using a portable device called a glucometer.See also:Glucose test - bloodGlucose test - urineGlucose tolerance testAlternative NamesHome glucose monitoring; Self monitoring of blood glucoseHow the test is performedThe traditional glucose meter comes with test strips, small needles called lancets, and a logbook for recording your numbers. There are many different kinds of these meters, but they all work essentially the same way.A complete testing kit can be purchased from a pharmacy without a prescription. Your doctor or nurse can help you choose the equipment that's right for you, help you set it up, and teach you how to use it.You will prick your finger with the lancet and place a drop of blood on a special strip. This strip uses a chemical substance to determine the amount of glucose in the blood. (Newer monitors can use blood from other areas of the body besides the fingers, reducing discomfort.) The meter displays your blood sugar results as a number on a digital display.How to prepare for the testHave all test items within reach before starting -- timing is important. Clean the needle prick area with soap and water or an alcohol swab. Completely dry the skin before pricking.How the test will feelThere is a sharp prick.Why the test is performedThis test reveals your blood sugar level.If you have diabetes, you can use it to carefully monitor your blood sugar levels at home. Regularly checking your blood sugar level is one of the most important steps you can take in managing the disease. It provides your doctor with important information regarding the control of your blood sugar.When you keep track of your blood sugar you will:Start to see patterns that will help you plan meals, activities, and what time of day to take your medicationsLearn how certain foods affect your blood sugar levelsSee how exercise can improve your numbersTesting allows you to respond quickly to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). This might include diet adjustments, exercise, and insulin (as instructed by your health care provider).Your doctor may order a blood sugar test to screen for diabetes. For more information, see blood glucose test.Normal ValuesBefore meals: 70 - 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)After meals: Less than 180 mg/dLValues can vary depending on physical activity, meals, and insulin administration. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanLow levels indicate hypoglycemia. Have something to eat. You may need to change the next insulin dose, and possibly future insulin doses as well.If levels are too high, this indicates hyperglycemia. You may need additional insulin.What the risks areThere is a slight chance of infection at the puncture site. A small amount of bleeding may occur after the puncture.Special considerationsThe correct procedure must be followed or the results will not be accurate.ReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2010. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33 Suppl 1:S11-61.


Glucose test - blood?

DefinitionA blood glucose test measures the amount of a sugar, called glucose, in a sample of your blood.Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain. The carbohydrates you eat eventually end up as glucose in the blood.See also:Glucose test - CSFGlucose test - urineGlucose tolerance testHome blood glucose monitoringAlternative NamesRandom blood sugar; Blood sugar level; Fasting blood sugarHow the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How to prepare for the testThe test may be done while you are fasting or at random.If you are having a fasting glucose blood test, you should NOT eat or drink for 8 hours before the test.A random glucose test can be done at any time of the day, but results depend on what you drink or eat before the test, as well as your activity.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedYour doctor may order this test if you have signs of diabetes. However, other tests (glucose tolerance test and fasting blood glucose test) must be used to diagnose diabetes.The blood glucose test is also used to monitor patients who have the diabetes. It may also be done if you have:A seizure for the first timeStrange changes in behaviorFainting spellsNormal ValuesLevels vary according to the laboratory, but in general up to 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) are considered normal for a fasting blood glucose test.Persons with levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL have impaired fasting glucose, or prediabetes. These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its complications.Diabetes is diagnosed in persons with fasting blood glucose levels that are 126 mg/dL or higher.Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanGreater-than-normal blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) may be a sign of diabetes. In someone with diabetes, it may mean the diabetes is not well controlled.Increased levels may also be due to:Acromegaly(very rare)Cushing syndrome (rare)GlucagonomaImpaired fasting glucose (also called "prediabetes")HyperthyroidismPancreatic cancerPancreatitisPheochromocytoma (very rare)Lower-than-normal levels (hypoglycemia) may indicate:HypopituitarismHypothyroidismInsulinoma(very rare)Too little foodToo much insulin or other diabetes medicationsWhat the risks areVeins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)Special considerationsMany forms of severe stress (for example, trauma, stroke, heart attack, and surgery) can temporarily increase blood glucose levels.Drugs that can increase glucose measurements include the following:Atypical antipsychotics, especially olanzapine and risperidoneCorticosteroidsDiazoxideDextroseDiureticsEpinephrineEstrogensGlucagonIsoniazidLithiumPhenothiazinesPhenytoinSalicylates (see aspirin overdose)TriamtereneTricyclic antidepressantsDrugs that can decrease glucose measurements include the following:AcetaminophenAlcoholAnabolic steroidsClofibrateDisopyramideGemfibrozilMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)PentamidineSulfonylurea medications (such as glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride)ReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2009. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:S13-S61.Inzucchi SE, Sherwin RS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 248.