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Adamantine to waxy luster are the words used to describe the luster of diamonds.

According to Wikipedia:

"Adamantine minerals possess a superlative lustre, which is most notably seen in diamond. Such minerals are transparent or translucent, and have a high refractive index (of 1.9 or more)."

Luster is the clarity and refractivity of an individual stone. Not all diamonds are created equal. Flawless diamonds are extremely rare and can be prohibitively expensive for most of us. In jewelry, generally diamonds evaluated as those containing VVSI (very very slightly included) to SI2 (two slight inclusions), are more affordable. SI2 is generally the lowest grade for good gems. Inclusions can be any imperfection.

The luster is its refractiveness. Its ability to bounce back available light from inside the stone. This can be affected by the color, cut or clarity. Only 20% of all diamonds mined are gem-stone quality.

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An 8mm x 8mm cushion cut is about 2.5 carats. But a jeweler or gemologist is better able to weigh the stone physically so that you have an accurate weight.

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TW is an abbreviation that denotes the total weight of a diamond. Carat is the term to describe the weight of any gemstone or a diamond. In jewellery pieces with more than one diamond the carats may be described in terms of total carat weight. This is the combined total carat weight of all the stones in the piece.

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A diamond ring is composed of a diamond or multiple diamonds, and a metal band.

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any one can

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According to Wikipedia:

"In diamond each carbon atom is at the centre of a tetrahedron formed by four other carbon atoms, so the coordination number is four..."

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Karats measure the purity of gold: carats describe diamond weight.

A diamond accent contains as many carats in total weight, as all the diamonds weigh together.

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The value of a diamond depends on its cut, its clarity, its colour and its carat weight.

If you own such a diamond, it's worth whatever someone is willing to pay you for it.

You can purchase such a diamond today on Blue Nile and pay between US$2,205 and US$15,295.

Best practices dictate that you pay a certified gemologist to document the quality of your diamond, so that you can establish a fair market value for it.

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You have spelled it correctly: diamond.

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Probably a diamond dealer or a diamond broker.

Note that some people who sell loose, uncut diamonds that were obtained by force can be called blood diamond dealers. They trade the stones for money to finance civil war and/or terrorism.

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An inferior gem-stone diamond is still called a diamond, and based on its cut, colour, carat weight and clarity, may not be of the highest quality.

Non gem-stone diamonds are called industrial diamonds.

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There is no such thing as a grade seven 5 carat. Diamonds are graded based on clarity, color, cut and carat weight. A round GIA certified 5.01 carat, H color, VS1 clarity diamond is valued at $90,640.

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Forty carats is large for a diamond, and you did not specify a cut, colour or clarity of a stone of this weight.

Research reveals a just-over 40 carat stone, the Polar Star was first owned by Joseph Bonaparte, older brother of Napoleon.It's source is India and this is a Golconda stone (from India). Through history, the stone passed through several hands, and ultimately, Cartier ransomed the stone from a London firm, T M Sutton, a 'pawn shop'.

The latest sale of this stone took place in November 1980 in Geneva, and was purchased for 8 million Swiss francs. At today's exchange rate, that price equals US$8,366.555.57.

You may be able to find a 40 carat diamond for less if you shop around.

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A "diamond ploy" would be a bunt in baseball.

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A 1.00 point diamond is one carat, so a .12 point diamond is a little over 1/10th of a carat.

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The largest supplier of raw, mined diamonds is probably the DeBeers organization.

Read more about them, below.

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Raw diamonds are probably sorted first as to colour and clarity, those being the highest-value natural characteristics.

When cut and polished, the goal is to preserve as much of the stone's clarity as possible while holding up its carat weight. Often the cut of a diamond is determined by these factors.

For example, this means that larger fancy coloured or 'white' diamonds can be cut in the emerald style, because of the cut's ability to show off flawless or internally flawless clarity and desirable colour.

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This important black diamond is reported to have been sold by Fawaz Gruosi to a private client for an undisclosed sum.

You can read more about it, below.

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CG is a term apparently associated with industrial diamonds, purposes for which about 75% of all mined diamonds are used.

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Their collective value depends on the individual value of each stone: its cut, colour, clarity and carat weight. Then the values are added for a total.

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LeVian is apparently a branding scheme/ brand name for brown diamonds.

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A 14-point stone is 14/100 of a full carat.

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Two tenth carat isn't a term usually associated with a diamond.

Every diamond is priced according to its carat weight, its colour, its cut and its clarity.