Not anymore.
Yes
no,Canadian drivers license is not valid in Europe but valid perhaps in England.
Yes, you do.
You have to be 16 to get your driving license.
You need to apply for an International driving license if you plan to remain in Europe, your Canadian license is OK for a short holiday, check with the authorities though, rules may have changed in the last 2 years.
Driving or operating a watercraft under the influence can impact your drivers license.
Situation dependent.
see the sample Portugal driving license
If you have no drivers license then you have no business driving a vehicle, therfore you do not need insurance.
No. Your Canadian drivers license is good anywhere in the USA, by international agreement - that's what got the Florida government in hot water recently.
Yes, you can get a driving license without owning a car.
Driving with a parent that has a drivers license