As I understand it, "bullpup" refers to a rifle whose action and magazine are behind the trigger (and alongside the shooter's face), as opposed to being in front of the trigger - see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullpup. It matters because of where the spent cartridges are ejected from the weapon (makes a difference if it's right next to your face!). I suppose by those criteria that modern pistols use a bullpup design, because the magazine is behind the trigger (as opposed to a Mauser broomhandle pistol, which puts the magazine in front of the trigger). But I don't think it's a really meaningful distinction, because the pistol is always held at arms length, well away from your face, so it doesn't make a lot of difference whether the trigger is behind or in front of the magazine. If you want to say that pistols are considered to have a bullpup design, I doubt that anyone is going to care too much one way or the other.
Yes indeed
The bolt action Thorneycroft carbine, first manufactured in 1901, was the first documented bullpup rifle. The first design of a modern bullpup assault rifle was the British EM-2, designed by Kazimierz Januszewski.
In firearms, bullpup indicates a design where the action and chamber are to the rear of the trigger- a reverse of the normal order. This provides for a very compact firearm. See link below for a photo of a High Stahndard model 10B- a bullpup shotgun.
norc bullpup and Norinco T97 Bullpup are some good non restricted bullpup rifles available in Canada for around $1000.
an ak-47 is a specific firearm but a bullpup is a category of firearm.
Several different people at different times. See the link below for a history of the bullpup-
High Standard made a 10 ga bullpup 30 years ago or so and it's the only one I know. I haven't seen any aftermarket bullpup sets.
Most airsoft AUG inner barrels, are equivalent to an m4's inner barrel due to the bullpup design.
Origins of the term 'bullpup' for this configuration are unclear. The word is reported as being used in the US in 1957 to denote a target pistol, particularly one with a fancy stock. bullpups are firearm configurations in which the action is located behind the trigger group and alongside the shooter's face, so there is no additional space for the buttstock as in conventional designs. This permits a shorter firearm length for the same barrel length for improved maneuverability, and reduces weight. The bullpup design places the gun's action behind the trigger, in front of a short buttstock. This decreases the firearm's length and weight while retaining the same barrel length. Bullpups generally allow for a 25% reduction in weapon length, which allows for better maneuverability in confined spaces example - Steyr AUG.
A 22 LR caliber pistol made by Walther, it is similar in design to the Walther P99.
There is a Bullpup Muzzlelite stock specifically made for the Marlin model 60 rifle. As I type this the retail price is about $150.
A Tactical 45 Pistol is issued to the U.S Military.This particular pistol is the largest handgun with useful features made for the design of the handgun.