Yes, assuming all of the content is the students' original work. Note that some schools have an internal policy stating that all student work becomes the property of the institution.
"Concepts" are not copyrightable. Once a website is created, however, it is automatically protected by copyright.
A website is considered a "literary work" under copyright law.
The official website whitehouse.gov is not protected by copyright, pursuant to federal law.
Materials are not required to have a notification on them in order to be protected.
Yes, websites should be copyrighted. The exact design, layout, and content of a website should be protected in order to prevent any lookalikes.
Because any copyrightable work is automatically protected, it can be assumed that all websites are protected by copyright unless specified otherwise. Notification is not required for protection.
You will find that most material on websites is protected under copyright. The website owner should be able to tell you who the copyright owner is. You would then negotiate a price with the copyright owner to allow you to use their material.
Generally no, as long as it's properly cited.
It is not necessary to formally register your work with a Copyright Office for it to be protected.
Generally, yes. Website URL's are not protected by copyright law.
The songs are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed (written down or recorded), but if you wish to register them with the copyright office, yes, you can register a group of works under one application.
By the wording of this question, it could mean several things.How do you copyright a website? It is automatically protected by copyright, but can also be formally registered in some countries, although that is not required.How do you get permission to use someone else's content?Ask them, typically in writing.Where is a good website for information on copyright laws? The copyright office of your country is the best reference; a Google search for the name of the country and the word "copyright" will nearly always bring it up as the first result.