A full wave rectifier is a component or set of components that change AC waveforms into DC. It is frequently used as part of a power supply circuit and therefore it is often directly adjacent to a transformer. However, a transformer is used to provide a suitable AC voltage and is not part of the rectifier.
what is the function of transformer in the half wave rectifier circuit
The a.c. component, or ripple, produced by the 4-diode (full wave) bridge rectifier is the same as that produced by the 2-diode full wave rectifier. The bridge is connected across the secondary winding of a transformer. The 2 diodes of the other type of full wave rectifier are each connected to one end of a winding, but that winding requires a center tap. For any desired value of d.c. after rectification, the a.c. voltage of the 2-diode rectifier winding has to be twice that of the winding required for the bridge.
For a center tapped full wave rectifier transformer secondary gives a voltage that is 2Vm. For a bridge rectifier it is Vm.
A center-tapped transformer and two diodes can form a full-wave rectifier that allows both half-cycles of the AC waveform to contribute to the direct current, making it smoother than a half-wave rectifier. This form of circuit saves on rectifier diodes compared to a diode bridge, but has poorer utilization of the transformer windings. Hence we do not use centre tapping for full wave rectification.Ashish sharmaAstt. ProfessorHIET, Shahpur, kangra(H.P.)
A full-wave rectifier (sometimes called a "bridge" rectifier) produces output current on both half-cycles of the input AC waveform. ******************************************** There are two types of full wave rectifier circuit. One uses four diodes in a "bridge"configuration and is fed from a simple transformer winding. The other uses two diodes and needs to be fed from a centre tapped transformer winding.
Efficiency is double in case of full wave rectifier.
in full wave bridge rectifier, the input and out put voltages are same but in case of two diode rectifier the input and output voltages can be different as per requirement a there is a transformer in the circuit. The former is lighter and the later is heavier.
Full wave rectifiers consist of two (for a center-tapped transformer) or four (for a single-ended transformer) diodes connected such that as the polarity of the AC input changes, the diodes steer the current flow so the output polarity does not change. The output of a FW rectifier is pulsating DC, which is normally then filtered or smoothed with a capacitor.
If diode in the bridge circuit becomes open the circuit will become a half wave rectifier instead, but if a diode in a full wave rectifier opens then the whole circuit becomes open. (No current flow). ************************************************************** The outputs of the bridge and the two-diode full wave rectifier are not the same. For the rectified voltage to be the same value, the two-diode full wave rectifier must be supplied from a centre tapped transformer winding, the total voltage of which is twice that necessary for the bridge rectifier circuit. Furthermore, the maximum d.c. which may be drawn from the centre tapped transformer/two-diode arrangement, assuming capacitive filtering, is the same value as the transformer secondary winding's capacity. In the case of the bridge, the maximum d.c. which may be drawn, also assuming capacitive filtering, is 62% of the transformer secondary winding's capacity.
A full-wave rectifier will provide an output through both the positive and negative halves of the AC sine wave. The half-wave rectifier will only provide an output for half the cycle. The filtered outputs of both rectifiers can be "smoothed" well, but the higher the load on the half-wave rectifier, the more the output voltage will vary across a cycle of input power. This results in higher ripple and makes regulation a bit more difficult. The full-wave rectifier will provide an output through both the positive and negative halves of the sine wave. It effectively "inverts" the negative half of the cycle and provides two "pulses" of power per cycle as opposed to one pulse per cycle for the half-wave rectifier. The full-wave rectifier might use a pair of diodes and a center tapped transformer, or might use four diodes in a full wave bridge configuration and a transformer with no center tap.
You use a half-wave rectifier where the system design does not require a full-wave approach. Half wave rectifier output is used for running ac motors.
A full-wave bridge rectifier with 4 diodes gives a dc output voltage equal to the average voltage of the whole transformer secondary. A FW rectifier with 2 diodes and a centre-tapped secondary gives an output voltage equal to the average voltage of half the secondary. If you have a 12-0-12 transformer, the bridge gives a 24 v output, while the 2-diode FW rectifier gives 12 v (approximately).