they are type of passive transports
An ion pump actively transports ions across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient using ATP energy, while an ion channel is a passive protein that allows ions to move down their concentration gradient in or out of the cell membrane. Ion pumps are selective in the ions they transport, while ion channels are typically nonspecific or selective for specific ions.
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The molecule being transported is small enough to be permeable without a channel. It must also move with the ion gradient.
Passive transport processes do not require ATP or energy for transport. Co-transport processes would also not be considered a passive process. -The xylem in plants uses capillary action, a passive process -If a specific channel exists for, let's say, an ion or molecule, then that channel uses passive transport, however, it the channel cannot be "gated" in any way as in voltage-gated Na+ channels or delayed rectifier K+ channels. You can also look at the ascending loop of Henle in the juxtamedullary nephron of the kidney and see passive transport of water molecules -The blood brain barrier also allows passive transport of certain molecules A good way to think of passive transport is whether or not the plasma membrane has "holes" big enough in it to allow for molecules to pass through, provided there are no charge hindrances for that molecule passing through. Or a specific channel is open and letting a molecule in without the expense of ATP (using ATP to make the membrane channel protein does not fall under this category)
Facilitated diffusion, or diffusion through ion channels, is not a form of active transport. It is a spontaneous passive transport.
Transport proteins such as ion channels and carrier proteins are used in both active and passive transport processes. Ion channels move ions down their concentration gradient through passive transport, while carrier proteins can facilitate passive transport by allowing molecules to move along their concentration gradient, or active transport by requiring energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient.
Active transport requires ATP and a transport channel. The channel is made of proteins.
The only different between passive and active transport is the use of energy. In passive transport, molecules can either diffuse across the membrane, go through an aquaporin or use a passive transporter. In active transport, energy needs to be released, and it is usually because you are trying to transport a molecule or ion up its concentration gradient.
All forms of passive transport depend on the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy (ATP). This includes processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
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passive transport