Yes. Venus.
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Yes. Meteoroids orbit the sun.
The universe does not orbit around anything. It is constantly expanding and there is no central point or object that it revolves around.
Plants don't orbit anything - planets do.
NO! they just are up there floating around they are not large enough to have an orbit.
Yes, the distance from the sun is variable for anything with an elliptical orbit.
Anything from picoseconds to millennia.
The sun, does not orbit anything. Because it is the center of the universe, based off of the heliocentric model. Planets, and satelites(moons) do orbit the sun though.
To date rockets are the only method that can be used to put something or someone into orbit.
Yes, comets orbit the sun, but usually in an eliptical (oval) or eccentric orbit rather than a more-or-less circular one like the planets.
A revolution. That is how we measure years.
The moon has no known satellites. Anything in orbit around it would be in a fairly unstable orbit, and would not remain there.