Yes, all words used in the beginning of the sentence is capitalized.
No, "mid-nineteenth century" is not capitalized unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.
At the beginning of a sentence. It doesn't need to be capitalized.
Only if it's being used as an adjective. e.g. nineteenth-century writers.
No, the word "century" is not capitalized unless it begins a sentence. So "thirteenth century" would not be capitalized in the middle of a sentence.
It is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence.
It is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence or when it forms part of the proper noun. Examples: The 2nd century is considered part of the Classical era. The Second Century Initiative is celebrating its anniversary.
no not unless theres a name in front of it then yes, but other then that no.
No, "Pangaea" is not capitalized unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.
No, "kilogram" is not capitalized unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.
No, "personnel" is not capitalized when used in a sentence unless it is at the beginning of the sentence or part of a title.
It is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence.
No, unless it's at the beginning of a sentence.