No, "mid-nineteenth century" is not capitalized unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.
No, the word "century" is not capitalized unless it begins a sentence. So "thirteenth century" would not be capitalized in the middle of a sentence.
it is not capitalized because the twentieth century is not cool
no not unless theres a name in front of it then yes, but other then that no.
nope!
Yes.
Yes, all words used in the beginning of the sentence is capitalized.
Only if it's being used as an adjective. e.g. nineteenth-century writers.
In the Chicago Manual of Style the c in century is never capitalized. Reference: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/CMS_FAQ/Capitalization/Capitalization09.html
Yes, "Century" should be capitalized when used in reference to a specific century, such as the 21st Century.
It is capitalized at the beginning of the sentence or when it forms part of the proper noun. Examples: The 2nd century is considered part of the Classical era. The Second Century Initiative is celebrating its anniversary.
Yes, Puritanism is capitalized because it refers to a specific religious movement and ideology that originated in 16th-century England.
It can be. If you are talking about one century as a length of time, ie. one hundred years. It is not. One hundred years ago... One century ago... It's not capitalized. If you are talking about life in the 14th Century, then it is capitalized because you are speaking of a specific set of one hundred years.