Yes; making a copy is one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder, regardless of whether you sell the copy or not. Certain educational uses are exempt.
It may be worth noting that while the law is broken whether you sell the information or not, the law may provide for higher penalties if you do sell it.
Yes; the act of copying is an infringement.
You can sell copied handmade cards if there is no copyright on the original cards. You may end up being sued for plagiarism however.
If the patterns are under copyright then you need the permission of the copyright holder to sell them.
Yes, you are denying the copyright holder an opportunity to sell to your friend! The copy you made is an illegal copy.Note: it is not a violation if you gave your friend the original copy that you bought (as no new copy was generated by you).
If you mean "Can you sell a pattern copyrighted by someone else?" the answer is yes but only with permission. If you mean "Can I create a pattern from scratch, copyright it and sell it?" the answer is yes.
If you control the copyright, anywhere. If you don't control the copyright, and don't have a license, nowhere.
If the mural has any copyright at all, it was initially owned by the author, but the author may sell his or her copyright to others.
Yes, but you might be sued if you sell them.
Yes; you would be selling the content, rather than the software.
One must apply to the copyright holder for permisson to use their copyrighted item.
You can sell broken game consoles on auction sites like eBay.
figure it out your self
If it is recognizable as a copyright or trademark-protected character, you would need permission from the owner.