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gravity
At the "aphelion".
300,000 km in 24 hours at the Equator; zero at the poles.
When you ask 'Is something moving ?', you always have to tell compared to what. As we all know, there's no such thing as 'real' motion, there's only motion relative to something else. -- Compared to the sun, the moon is revolving around it, in an elliptical orbit that has these small dimples in it because of the gravitational influence of the nearby Earth. -- Compared to the Earth, the moon is revolving around it once every 27.32 days. -- Compared to the moon, the moon isn't moving at all.
Yes, the effect is due not to the Sun moving but to the Earth rotating and the speed of rotation of the Earth is constant.
gravity
yes.
The Earth is revolving around the sun at a speed of about 30 kilometers per seconds or 18.5 miles per second.
Its because all of these movements are constant, they are not accelerating or slowing down. We only feel a force when there is acceleration or decelleration. If you accelerate in a car, you are pushed back into your seat as the force effects you and everything in the vehicle. But at constant speed in a straight line, you can move about normally, as if you were at a standstill.
Approximately 108000 km/h
yes
At the "aphelion".
Your question is very unclear, but I will make an attempt to answer this for you. The Earth is 'Revolving' around the Sun due to gravity. The Sun is the center of the solar system, with many bodies orbiting around it. This includes the planets, their moons, and the many other objects. Below is a section of text explaining different methods to detect Earths movement through space: "...aberration (slight change in stellar positions due to Earth's speed), parallax (slight change in stellar positions due to Earth's changing position) and Doppler effect (slight change in color of stars due to Earth's speed) all prove that Earth is moving around the Sun, and not the other way round."
300,000 km in 24 hours at the Equator; zero at the poles.
it's hot. ;)
. The speed of the satellite is adjusted so that it falls to earth at the same rate that the curve of the earth falls away from the satellite. The satellite is perpetually falling, but it never hits the ground!
The one that is closer will move at a higher speed. The same happens, for example, with planets revolving around the Sun - the planets closer to the Sun move faster.