Not at all.
First of all, 200 Celsius is not double 100 Celsius. To make this kind of comparisons, you have to use an absolute scale, i.e., Kelvin. 200 Celsius = 473K; 100 Celsius = 373K, so that is only about a 27% increase.
Second, the energy emitted by a hot body is (roughly?) proportional to the 4th. power of the temperature. Raising the ratio to the fourth power gives you a factor of about 2.59 - the hotter body will radiate 2.59 times as much heat energy as the cooler body.
Because Kelvin is an absolute scale while Celsius is not. If you think of heat as a measure of the thermal energy of molecules in a substance then 2K is twice as hot as 1K. 2 degrees Celsius is not twice as hot as 1 degree C.
The normal body temperature of a healthy human is either 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit or 37.0 degrees Celsius.
Depending on the heat emitted by a body, the colour of the body varies. by mapping the colour of a body to the standard scales, the temperature of the body can be determined. The temperature of sun is determined in this manner.
The reason a fingertip did not reach to 40 degrees Celsius when immersed in a 40 degree Celsius of water is because of the body heat of the fingertip.
Celsius measures temperature.
Celsius is in reference to temperature.
light,heat,sound
The Kelvin scale starts at a true zero; 0o K is the temperature at which there is actually no heat. Therefore, you get a true measure of heat using this system; an object at twice the temperature in kelvins is actually twice as hot. That is not true of other temperature scales such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Twice the friction means twice the energy that is being transformed in heat. So if the movements/actions/displacement/rotation were the same (compared with the initial fraction status), then the heat release from the friction would be doubled. That would increase the temperature of the environment by some degrees Celsius. How much is very dificult to say.
Yes, infrared radiation can detect heat. Infrared sensors are designed to detect and measure the infrared radiation emitted by objects, including heat emitted by living organisms or warm objects.
Radiant heat I assume you mean the heat emitted by the Sun rather than the heat of the Sun itself.
No. It is a nuclear change.