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Is hydrogen concentration higer outside the thylakoid membrane than inside?
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Why does the pH of the cell become more basic during photosynthesis?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, protons (H+) are ferried into the thylakoid space using the energy from the excited electrons in Photosystems 680 and 700. H+ causes buildup of hydronium (H3O+) ions in water, which are acidic.
How does the structure of the chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
If there is more solute inside a membrane than outside solute particles will move across the membrane to the?
Concentration Gradient
What best describes the Na and K concentrations across a neuron's plasma membrane?
The Na concentration is higher outside of the neuron's plasma membrane, while the K concentration is higher inside the neuron's plasma membrane. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows for the generation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
What is the internal membranes found in chloroplast called?
Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids. The region outside the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts is called the stroma.
What happens when sucrose is taken up by active transport?
Outside the cell is high concentration of hydrogen ions and low concentration of sucrose. Inside, is the opposite, low concentration of hydrogen ions, and high concentrations of sucrose. Cells use ATP to pump a hydrogen ion across the cell membrane, against the concentration gradient, and when the hydrogen ion goes to re-enter, it goes through a Sucrose-proton cotransporter. This means that the hydrogen ion (proton) take a sucrose molecule with it when it goes though the membrane.
Why does the pH of the cell become more basic during photosynthesis?
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, protons (H+) are ferried into the thylakoid space using the energy from the excited electrons in Photosystems 680 and 700. H+ causes buildup of hydronium (H3O+) ions in water, which are acidic.
How does the structure of the chloroplast enable it to build up a concentration gradient of protons?
The membrane inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast pumps H+ ions from the outside compartment (stroma) to the inside (lumen). This builds the gradient. The electrons are pumped using energy released from a high energy electron which was energized through light absorption. This electron comes from the breakdown of water.
Where does the energy to make ATP from ADP come from?
photosinthesis During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split to create free protons (hydrogen minus an electron) within the thylakoid. The increasing number of protons also transported across the thylakoid membrane by an electron transport system, establish a concentration gradient where many hydrogen are present inside the thylakoid, as compared to the number outside. The diffusion (chemiosmosis) of these protons through the enzyme ATP synthase provides the energy needed to allow for the condensation reaction which fixes the third phosphate group onto the ADP molecule.
What is it when ions are in a low concentration outside a cell and they slowly cross the membrane into the cell?
the answer is the membrane are probably broken down
If there is more solute inside a membrane than outside solute particles will move across the membrane to the?
Concentration Gradient
What best describes the Na and K concentrations across a neuron's plasma membrane?
The Na concentration is higher outside of the neuron's plasma membrane, while the K concentration is higher inside the neuron's plasma membrane. This creates an electrochemical gradient that allows for the generation and transmission of electrical signals in neurons.
What is the internal membranes found in chloroplast called?
Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids. The region outside the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts is called the stroma.
Where is chlorophyll found found in the chloroplast?
the thylakoids
What would if the concentration of the starch inside of the membrane was greater than the starch concentration outside the membrane?
Assuming the starch can not penetrate the membrane, but the carrier liquid can, then the liquid would flow into the membrane until the two concentrations were the same. Or the starch would migrate out of the membrane until the concentrations were the same if it can.
What is chemiosmosis and how does it work?
Cells often use an electron transport chain to separate electrons from hydrogen protons. The hydrogen protons are then used during chemiosmosis. A hydrogen ion gradient is formed and the hydrogen ions flow through the ATP synthetase molecule to the other side of the membrane. Hydrogen ions accumulate outside the inner mitochondrial membrane during cell respiration and in the inner membrane space of the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. Bacteria use the outside plasma membrane as the surface to build up the hydrogen ion gradient. Therefore the energy from food is transferred to hydrogen ions, and the hydrogen ions transfer the energy to ATP via the ATP synthetase enzyme. In this discussion you should include a discussion of the solar powered purple proton pump and the information found in Figures 6-10, 6-11, 6-12, 6-A, and 8-12 (p. 169). Chemiosmosis is critical in ATP production in eukaryote cells as well as most prokaryote cells.
How does osmosis explain the movement of water across cell membranes?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a solution of high concentration to a solution of lower concentration through a membrane. Water passes through the membrane, diluting the solution of higher concentration on the other side, until both solutions on either side of the membrane have equal concentrations.
