It is more likely to be a trademark violation than copyright infringement.
Yes. No element of a 1877 dictionary is protected by copyright.
Yes, as long as the new "artwork" is not "derivative" of the original art and you do not misrepresent it as produced or licensed by the copyright owner. See related question on NFL materials: "Can you legally make an item using NFL fabric and sell it?"
Yes, you can sell Marvel drawings, as long as you have the legal rights to do so. If you are creating and selling original drawings, you may need to be mindful of copyright laws and potentially obtain permission from Marvel for any copyrighted characters or logos you include in your artwork.
Provided you create the artwork yourself there is no copyright violation. However most cartoon characters are trademarked and it would be a violation of that trademark to distribute a likeness of that character without permission.
copies an original artwork with the intention of selling it as the original
Not likely. Most school logos are protected as trademarks and the original artwork is generally protected by the artists copyright.
Is dahli's original artwork valuable
The easiest way is to post the original recording/score to yourself via a recorded special delivery. Write on the envelope it's contents, and never open it once you have received it (unless you need to prove you are the copyright owner).
Copying an original artwork we with the intention of fooling a buyer that it is the original
You would have to have the permission of the artist or company that holds the copyright on the artwork.
You would need to ensure every element of your cartoon (artwork, music, storyline, etc) is your original work, in the public domain, or properly licensed from the rightsholder.
No. It is automatically their property as soon as it is fixed in a tangible medium.