yes
Yes.
It is likely that they have a legal right to check phone records, but also that it is against the rules of the company where they work. If you believe that this person is doing something inappropriate then I would start with the employer. I would also suggest that whether or not reviewing the phone records is legal, you will get action from the employer faster and more easily than from your local prosecutor.
Yes, they can. It would not be appropriate for them to phone your employer and talk to them about it. But they can phone your personal work phone.
Yes, your cell phone charger will work in Europe.
talking on your cell phone at work
Yes it is known for the cell phone tracker app to not work. It's the way the cell phone is made, the model of the phone, it depends what kind of phone it is for the right app to work with it.
Many work phone systems have the capability to forward calls to your cell phone. If they don't, you could get a follow me service to do this.
A cell phone locator can help a person track the location of a phone for free. The only time it won't work properly is if the cell phone is on airplane mode.
Yes, absolutely your employer can monitor non-personal phone calls. You automatically give consent by working for the employer because you're doing the work the employer hired you to do.
Suck it
no
yes the phone will work in the grand canyon