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Search warrants.
This is known as a consensual search.
The police can only search your house without permission if they obtain a warrant, which is a document that states they have reason to believe that suspicious activities are items may be found in the place they are looking. Some warrants are very specific in the places the are wishing to search which can create limits for officers. For example if an officer suspected drug paraphernalia was in someones garage and it was written in the warrant they would be limited to search the garage only if they found it somewhere else in which they looked without legal permission any evidence obtained would not be allowed in a court of law.
Under certain circumstances, yes, they can.
In certain situations, YES.
If the search warrant is for the entire premises, and you, or your belongings, are in "the premises," yes, your personal belongings can be searched.
no he needs a search warrant
If you are suspected of shoplifting, yes. They usually have an officer present however.
Yes, it can be for their own safety as well as other reasons. A person in custody, minor or adult, must be searched before they are booked. Seeing an officer does not need permission from a parent to arrest their child, a search without the parent's permission would coincide.
Ask them, or search for them on Yahoo.
Only if you let them. If they don't have any warrant, they can only search you IF they have your permission.
Animal control can get a warrant to search and seize animals that are distress.