No, it is not necessary, but the derived class will be rendered abstract as well. Sometimes that can be desirable. Only derived classes that provide a complete implementation of all inherited pure-virtual methods can actually be instantiated. However, derived classes can also inherit pure-virtual implementations from any intermediate base classes, but not from the least-derived abstract base classes (where the pure-virtual methods originated). Abstract base classes can also provide their own default implementations of their own pure-virtual methods, but they cannot be called implicitly, even from the base class itself. These methods must still be overridden by derived classes, even if an override only needs to explicitly call the base class method.
Only that they cannot be inherited by derived classes. This is "a good thing". Other than that, a friend function has full access to a class' private and protected members and you cannot limit its scope.
Derived classes only inherit the protected and public members of their base classes. Private member functions cannot be inherited by a derived class.
True. A derived class can make a public base function private. The derived function is private, within the derived class, but public in other contexts.
Virtual Functions and Pure Virtual Functions are relevant in the context of class inheritance.Unlike Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions do not require a body. This implies that when a base class defining such a function is inherited, the derived class must implement that function. Furthermore, the base class becomes abstract; meaning you cannot create an instance of the base class even if a body is implemented for the function. You are expected to derive from abstract classes; only the derived classes that implement all the inherited Pure Virtual functions can be instantiated.Here are some examples of Virtual and Pure Virtual function signatures:- Virtual Function: E.g. virtual void myFunction();- Pure Virtual Function: E.g. virtual void myFunction() = 0;
Superclasses are considered fragile because seemingly safe modifications to a super class, when inherited by the derived classes, may cause the derived classes to malfunction.
Friend functions are not inherited because they are, by definition, friends of the classes in which they are declared. As such, a derived class must explicitly grant permission to a friend function, even when that function is a friend of the base class. Bear in mind that friends are highly-privileged -- so much so that I actively avoid using them wherever it is possible to do so. It may well be part of the language, and is sometimes the only the way to solve a problem, but it breaks the fundamental rules of encapsulation. Allowing a highly-privileged friend function to be inherited without your knowledge is a recipe for disaster -- every derived class from that point on would be exposed to it, rightly or wrongly. Hence you must explicitly declare the friendship, and only where it is deemed necessary.
concept of overriding is very important as due to overriding the derived class can use the function of the base class! when the function has same name and prototype in both the classes(base and derived) then the derived class can use the funtion of base class!
Only that they cannot be inherited by derived classes. This is "a good thing". Other than that, a friend function has full access to a class' private and protected members and you cannot limit its scope.
Derived classes only inherit the protected and public members of their base classes. Private member functions cannot be inherited by a derived class.
Only that they cannot be inherited by derived classes. This is "a good thing". Other than that, a friend function has full access to a class' private and protected members and you cannot limit its scope.
True. A derived class can make a public base function private. The derived function is private, within the derived class, but public in other contexts.
the differentiate between fundamental quantity and derived quantity?
Virtual Functions and Pure Virtual Functions are relevant in the context of class inheritance.Unlike Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions do not require a body. This implies that when a base class defining such a function is inherited, the derived class must implement that function. Furthermore, the base class becomes abstract; meaning you cannot create an instance of the base class even if a body is implemented for the function. You are expected to derive from abstract classes; only the derived classes that implement all the inherited Pure Virtual functions can be instantiated.Here are some examples of Virtual and Pure Virtual function signatures:- Virtual Function: E.g. virtual void myFunction();- Pure Virtual Function: E.g. virtual void myFunction() = 0;
A toponym is a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature. It can refer to the name of a town, city, or other geographic location.
i don't really know to be honest... i know that a derived property follows from a definition; (a definition is a minimum set of conditions needed to describe something)
m in m derived filters refers to its association with the midpoint impedance
energy derived from the atomic nucleus