Obviously not, that doesnt even make sense!
It depends, if you like the girlfriend, then invite her as well. If you do not like her, you would not have to invite her, but it would be better to invite her anyways.But it could offend her.... or your father it depends on how much you don't like his girlfriend.
No, it's rude to invite a guest to the Engagement Party when you have no intention of asking them to the wedding. If the guest has a reason they can't make the wedding then it's just fine to invite them to the Engagement Party.
Never, that's not an ethical procedure.
Yes
He has a right to be because he feels you have betrayed him. You're not suppose to do that unless your boyfriend is okay with it or at least invite your boyfriend along.
Is it okay to have a small ceremony and not invite my our parents spouses?
Yes, it is always okay to kiss a friend, whether the friend is male or female, as long as your friend is okay with it.
no it is not
The wedding is for the bride and groom if its okay with them than its okay
There's nothing "magical" or even particularly "spiritual" about wedding rings; they're just symbolic. It's okay if you and your new spouse are okay with it. Nobody else needs to know; if anyone notices the ring doesn't look new you can always say it's an heirloom (it's difficult for me to imagine anyone paying that much attention to someone else's wedding ring unless their attention is specifically directed to it ... a friend of mine has a titanium wedding band, which I know because he likes to take it off and fling it down hard at the driveway to make it bounce ... but I'm a guy; girls may notice such things more).
No
tell your friend if she is a real friend she will be okay with it.