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What does it mean when someone has an extra chromosome?
If someone has an extra chromosome it means there was a genetic mutation that is abnormal in human development. It may result in problems with the person affecting them on a basic level, or may go fully unnoticed. A common disorder that can be caused by having an extra chromosome is Down's Syndrome.
A person with Klinefelter's syndrome possesses?
A person with Klinefelter's syndrome possesses an extra X chromosome, resulting in a genotype of XXY instead of the typical XY for males. This genetic condition may lead to physical characteristics such as reduced muscle mass, taller stature, and infertility due to underdeveloped testes. Treatment options may include hormone therapy to address symptoms and support physical development.
Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21 which causes Down syndrome more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16?
Individuals with Down syndrome are more numerous then individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or 16 because the those conditions are much more likely to be fatal (resulting in miscarriage or other early deaths).
Is it possible to have a XXY chromosome set for gender?
Yes, individuals with an XXY chromosome combination have a condition known as Klinefelter syndrome. This can affect physical development and may lead to infertility, but gender identity is not solely determined by chromosomes.
What is partial tandem duplication?
The extra chromosome segment may be located immediately after the normal segment in precisely the same orientation forms the tandemWhen the gene sequence in the extra segment of a tandem in the reverse order i.e, inverted , it is known asreverse tandem duplicationIn some cases, the extra segment may be located in the same chromosome but away from the normal segment - termed as displaced duplicationThe additional chromosome segment is located in a non-homologous chromosome is translocation duplication.
If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II for one chromosome what will be the result at the completion of meiosis?
If nondisjunction occurs in meiosis II for one chromosome, the result would be that one gamete receives an extra copy of the chromosome and one gamete lacks that chromosome. This results in aneuploidy in the offspring, which can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.
Does genetic engineering benefit Down syndrome?
No. Gene therapy alters a person's genetic code, generally by inserting a genetic sequence. Trisomy 21 (downs syndrome) is caused by the presence of a copy (or part of a copy) of the 21st chromosome. Genetic therapy would not be able to remove this extra chromosome. It might be possible (in the future) to "turn off" the extra chromosome, and stop trisomy-21 at the embryo stage. However, by the time a person is born, the physical damage from downs syndrome has been done. After a few months to a year or so, the mental damage from downs syndrome will also be done. So no "treatment" for downs syndrome will be possible using genetic modification such as gene therapy.
Which stage of meiosis causes Down syndrome?
Mistakes in meiosis may cause Down syndrome. The error happens when the chromosomes segregate into the gametes. The egg or sperm may have too many or too few chromosomes. Down syndrome has an extra chromosome in the 21st pair.
What syndrome is inherited when an egg carrying two x chromosomesis fertilized by a sperm carrying one y chromosome?
This genetic combination results in a male offspring with Kleinfelter syndrome, which is characterized by an extra X chromosome (XXY). Individuals with Kleinfelter syndrome may have reduced fertility, developmental delays, and certain physical characteristics such as tall stature and gynecomastia.
How does the cell adjust to the extra X- chromosome in the female cells?
In female cells with an extra X chromosome (resulting in a condition called Triple X syndrome), the cell can undergo a process called X-inactivation where one of the X chromosomes is inactivated to prevent overexpression of genes. This helps balance gene dosage between XX and XY individuals. However, not all genes on the extra X chromosome may be inactivated, which can lead to variable symptoms in individuals with Triple X syndrome.
Can human DNA chromosomes be artificially removed to prevent genetic or hereditary diseases like removing the extra chromosome 21 which causes down syndrome?
Currently, there is no safe or effective way to artificially remove entire chromosomes from human DNA to prevent genetic or hereditary diseases. Down syndrome, for example, is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, and simply removing this extra chromosome would be complex and could have unintended consequences. Research is ongoing to develop therapies that may one day help manage genetic conditions like Down syndrome.
What causes disorders such as klinefelter syndrome and turner syndrome?
Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition that only affects males and is characterized by a male having an additional X chromosome (XXY) in cells. This chromosome abnormality occurs when there is an error in cell division, resulting in an extra copy of the X chromosome.
