Yes, if you know which files are missing or were damaged. Them just copy them in it's folders under DOS and should work after that properly. It can be a case when you lost your registry, in this case it's impossible to repaire it.
Yes, you can
Yes.
The most likely reason is that the drive was formatted with a Linux file system. Reformatting the drive to NTFS or FAT32 will make the drive usable in Windows. You could also install an ext4 driver in Windows to access the drive without reformatting it.
If you are using the Windows operating system then it is possible. If you are using Mac OS X then it is not possible.
Did you format your hardrive? If you did than windows isn't on the machine anymore. You will have to install the OS again.
Any application not written for Windows can be used without Windows.
There are several partitioning products available that are easy and intuitive to use.
Yes, I use Ubuntu 13.04 as the sole operating system on my computers. I've not used MS Windows for several years now!
Windows NT is a very old operating system. The technology for PNP was not available when NT was written.
Windows games are written to work with the Windows operating system. The Mac does not use the Windows operating system and so the game will not be able to work on a Mac. You will need to install the Windows operating system on your Mac or some software that emulates the parts of the Windows system that the game needs to have a Windows game work on a Mac.
Windows is the operating system on a Microsoft computer or an Apple computer running windows drivers. Without windows your computer would not work.
Windows Explorer is a file manager application that is included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95onwards. It provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems. It is also the component of the operating system that presents many user interface items on the monitor such as the taskbar and desktop. Controlling the computer is possible without Windows Explorer running (for example, the File | Run command in Task Manager on NT-derived versions of Windows will function without it, as will commands typed in a command prompt window). It is sometimes referred to as the Windows Shell, explorer.exe, or simply "Explorer".