You can't "exempt" anything.
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The trustee may take the refund and distribute it to creditors because a tax refund is not considered an exempted asset under bankruptcy laws.
Tax Refunds and ReturnsThere is no specific protection for tax refunds in bankruptcy. As such, the "wild card" exemption* is used to try to protect these funds as much as possible. Further, any portion of your tax refund that pertains to the "earned income credit" is also fully protect and yours to keep.In a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, you may lose all or part of your tax refund due for the tax year in which you filed your bankruptcy. For example, if you file for bankruptcy in 2009, your Trustee may be entitled to all or part of your 2009 refund, which is due from the tax return that you will be file in 2010.If you file for bankruptcy today, you must provide copies of your tax returns for the years 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, and you may have to provide a copy of your 2009 tax return when it is filed, to the Trustee. In a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy, you must also provide copies of your tax returns to your Trustee during the term of your Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. You will generally lose tax refunds during the entire term of your Chapter 13, not including any amount that can be protected by the "wild card".-------* The wildcard exemption is $1,000 per person. It allows you to retain up to $1,000 of assets (cash, accounts, property …) that is not otherwise protected when you file for bankruptcy.
If received for last year yes. the one for next year, received after filing, no.
Usually not. Your bankruptcy petition will ask you for information on whether or not you received a tax refund for the year prior, but they don't usually track you afterwards to find out if you got a refund after your discharge. You are applying for a clean financial slate, and taking away your refund would negate that purpose. If in doubt, check with your bankruptcy attorney for more clarification.
Whether you are entitled to your tax refund will depend on what type of Chapter of bankruptcy you are filing and whether the bankruptcy exemptions can be used to protect the tax refund. If you are filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy then you can generally keep the refund if the available state bankruptcy exemptions provide protection for it. If you are in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy you are typically required to turn over the tax refunds during the life of the Chapter 13 case.
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Assuming you mean your federal tax refund, if you did not list it as an asset and exempt it, you cannot keep it. If your plan is less than a 100% plan, the trustee will increase the dividend, the amount paid out to unsecured creditors, after paying himself, of course.
Not really, because the Trustee will want to get that money to pay off your creditor. You dont have a "right" to that money but it will instead depend on the amount of the refund and any local trustee practice.
If you are in a C. 7 or within 6 months after the close of your case, any tax refund is property of the bankruptcy estate and must be turned over to the trustee. You may not get a loan against an asset (tax refund) without the court's permission.
The trustee can ask you to turn it over to him if he knows that you are getting a refund back.
Generally a portion will be included in as a non-exempt asset to be used to repay creditors. In some cases the entire refund can be seized, this depends upon the filing status and the time span between the two actions.
If you are due a refund for taxes filed for the 2005 tax year, that refund can be siezed to offset the student loan - and every refund after that too.
If the Chapter 13 Bankruptcy is still active you probably will need to turn over this to the Chapter 13 Trustee. At the least you need to ask the Trustee about the refund amount and if it must be submitted or not.
The trustee may take the refund and distribute it to creditors because a tax refund is not considered an exempted asset under bankruptcy laws.
The tax refund goes into the bankruptcy estate. If your chapter 7 filing did not exempt the refund, the money will be used to pay the trustee and to pay your debts pro rata. That is, each creditor gets an amount equal to the percentage the debt is to the total indebtedness. You are not likely to get anything back, but if all the debts are paid off 100 per cent and the trustee is not entitled to any more money, the balance will be paid to you. The trustee should have decided what s/he is going to do. If you have a lawyer, s/he should discuss it with the trustee. You can also talk to the trustee or your case manager. I doubt you will get any of the refund, but make sure to stay on top of the issue and get notices of any trustee motions regarding these funds.
I assume you mean "how do you keep your tax REFUND when you file a chapter 7 bankruptcy?" A tax refund is an asset of the estate and, generally, the trustee will take it. There are two ways to avoid this, first way would be to delay filing your bankruptcy petition until after you have gotten your refund and spent the money. The second way is to declare part or all of the refund to be part of your exemption, however exemptions are small and most people have other assets (like computers, wedding rings, paychecks, etc.) they want to protect with their exemptions.