You need to get a job and convert your f-1 into an h-1.
Do you mean will the U.S. will let you back in without a green card? yes if you have a valid visa, such as a B1 visa or H1B visa. You can also apply for an Advance Parole while you are waiting for your green card to come in.
It is easier if you apply for a visa first and live in the US. Once you have been here for a while, then apply for the Green Card.
That is allowable.
What do you mean green card changed for a visa? A visa to do what? Why would you want to change a permanent lawful residence status for a visa?
I had a student visa but went out of status Can i marry a green card holder and apply for a green card?"
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Chile.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Thailand.
It is possible to get a Green Card even if you have entered illegally. Since you are on a valid visa now, it will help you get the green card. The illegal stay in the US may affect the Green card application process to some extent which depends on how long you were illegally staying in the US.
No, a green card holder cannot travel to Dubai without a visa.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Italy.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to Japan.
Yes, green card holders need a visa to travel to the UK.