At the crankshaft. Cars made after 1973 are rated in Net Horsepower. Like SAE gross and other brake horsepower protocols, SAE Net hp is measured at the engine's crankshaft, and so does not account for transmission losses. However, the SAE net hp testing protocol calls for standard production-type belt-driven accessories, air cleaner, emission controls, exhaust system, and other power-consuming accessories. This produces ratings in closer alignment with the power produced by the engine as it is actually configured and sold. A car put on a Dyno will be rated at the rear wheels, but new cars are not tested on a Dyno.
Flywheel. All factory horsepower ratings are specified at the flywheel. Starting in 1971 automakers began to quote power in terms of SAE net horsepower. This reflected the rated power of the engine in as-installed trim, with all accessories and standard intake and exhaust systems. The power is measured at the flywheel, and not at the rear wheels, as some believe.
500 horsepower from the factory at the flywheel, about 450hp at the rear wheels.
In most instances both rear wheels. However some older cars only lock 1 rear wheel.
205 at flywheel but it is really like 170 rear wheels (RS means you have posi-track)horsepower.
On most cars the handbrake is applied to the rear wheels only. The footbrake applies to both the front and back brakes, with a bais to the front to help avoid the rear wheels locking up under heavy braking.
All modern mass-produced cars and light trucks DO have hydraulic brakes on the front and the rear wheels. Heavy trucks generally have air brakes on all the wheels. Maybe you are thinking of cars that have disk brakes on the front and drum brakes on the rear? On cars, these are both hydraulically operated using the same hydraulic (brake) fluid. In normal stopping situations, the front brakes do more work than the rear brakes. Maybe 70 or 80% of the braking is done by the front wheels (it depends on where the weight is in the car and how fast you stop). Disk brakes are a somewhat better brake for a car, but drum brakes are a little cheaper to manufacture. So, disk brakes are almost always used on the front wheels where the braking is more important. Drum brakes are used on the back of some cars to save money. Note that performance cars (sports cars) almost always have disk brakes on all of the wheels.
It is what the rear wheels bolt to.It is what the rear wheels bolt to.
Rear wheel drive. A chain drive connected the gearbox to a solid rear axle with a pair of closely spaced 25 cm (10 in) rear wheels.
Because cars have brakes on ALL wheels - not just the front ones !
Wheels tilted inward toward the car body is called "camber." It is a suspension setting intended to compensate for roll of the body as it corners. In normal cars with independent rear suspension, this adjustment should be minimal and barely visible to the naked eye. In cars set up for hard cornering in competitive racing, the adjustment may be more exagerated. In cars that have a solid rear axle, the wheels are held exactly perpendicular to the pavement, and any deviation is an indication of structural failure in the axle assembly.
Both the old and the new Beetles will handle snow well due to them both having the engines over the drive wheels. Front wheel drive cars (new Beetles) and rear engine rear wheel drive cars (classic Beetles) have excellent traction in rain and snow. Getting a good tire will help either of these cars in ice and snow, get a good ice and snow rated tire.
The drivetrain or powertrain is composed of all the units joined together in a vehicle to make it move. We usually speak in terms of the engine and drive train, so it's everything from the engine "back" or "out" depending on the car. From the front you have the flywheel on the rear of the engine, then clutch, then transmission, then driveshaft, then differential then axles to the wheels. That's a manual transmission. If you have an automatic, you won't have a flywheel or clutch. In their place would be a flex plate and torque converter. On front wheel drive cars, they sometimes have a transaxle, which is combination transmission and differential. Out from there are the axles to the wheels. These are sometimes called constant velocity joints.