No notice is required on any copyrighted materials in any country or by citizens of any country that follows the Berne Convention, or in the USA for materials first published by US authors after 1988.
17 USC § 401.
Yes it, in all likelihood it is an infringement of copyright. Whether or not a copyright symbol is displayed has no bearing on the materials copyright status. Since the law was amended in 1989 it has not been required to have a copyright notice in evidence to maintain protection.
Notice is required in all states.
It depends on the type of material. Books have notifications on their copyright pages; movies include notifications in the credits; fine art may not be marked at all.
No. Registration of copyright is voluntary. Your work is protected as soon as it is "fixed in a tangible form, recognizable by human or machine". However you will have to be registered if you wish to bring a lawsuit for infringement in US courts.
Along with a simple copyright notice on each work and in the metadata of each file, a simple "All Rights Reserved" should cover it.
Because any copyrightable work is automatically protected, it can be assumed that all websites are protected by copyright unless specified otherwise. Notification is not required for protection.
As long as all of the material is your own original work, yes.
In all but 10 states, NONE AT ALL.
Because registration is not required for protection, there is no way to tell how much software has been protected by copyright. On the other hand, since protection is automatic, you can also say that all software is protected by copyright.
The copyright notice on the back of the album sleeve is "©1967 All lyrics copyright for the world by Northern Songs Ltd. England."
Generally, no, it does not. As of 1978 in the USA, all works became copyrighted from the moment they were created, although published works still required copyright notice or registration until 1989. Non-published works were given retro-active copyright from the date of creation to 70 years after the death of the author, if an individual, or 120 years from date of creation for any anonymous and pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, never published. Laws of other countries may vary, but those under the Bern Convention do not generally require any formalities for copyright ownership to subsist in the works.
All created material is copyright, whether commercially generated or not. Making a copy of any copyright material is against copyright laws in most jurisdictions. Distributing such material is considered more serious but it is the copying that is against the law. Making a custom disc is therefore in breach of copyright. WikiAnswers cannot endorse or condone any breach of the law. One might consider if the owner of the copyright material would approve of the copying or not. If there is no commercial loss for anyone, the copyright holder may well ignore the breach.