Simple reflex
A human eyelid is not transparent of course. But some animals like snakes have permanently sealed transparent eyelids which protect their eyes from foreign materials. Frogs also have transparent eyelids to protect its eyes while swimming in water.
OVER EXPOSURE - too bright, the image would result to being whiter than normal. UNDER EXPOSURE - too dark, the image would likely to appear black
Their eyes are not yellow but at night when hit by light their retinas have a bright yellow eye shine. See image above.
When suddenly exposed to bright light, your pupils will automatically constrict (actually the constrictor muscles of the iris will contract, causing the iris to expand and narrow the pupil). Also, it is likely your eyelids will squint shut.
They are having ceasers if they have experienced bright light exposure. That's all I know of.
Exposure to bright light causes the brain's pineal glad to decrease its production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin in the morning and increase it in the evening. In a nut shell, melatonin helps you sleep and most people don't sleep when light is shining.
Arachnids and insects quiescent periods are controlled by light as well as temperature. They tend to like warmth and bright light, so most 'sleep' at night.
Some light is actually transmitted through the eyelid because it is a relatively thin layer of tissue. When a great amount of light illuminates your eyelids, some of it will reflect (causing its external side to appear bright) and most will be absorbed by the melanin pigment, while there tends to be a fraction that is transmitted past a cell. In thicker layers of tissue all light will eventually be stopped, but eyelids are thin and a very general color will be detected by the eye.
it's not how bright the sun is that causes cancer. it is the UV rays. if you stay in the sun for extended periods of time therefore soaking up large amounts of UltraViolet rays you have a greater risk of developing cancer
4. Two for each eye. They have normal ones like you and I and they have set that come from the bottom of the eye if they are sick or they see an extremely bright light. if the lids from the bottom are always showing, get your cat to the vet right away.Cats have the usual setup of eyelids on each eye (the main one that moves downward and a second that moves upward), plus the 'third eyelid' common to many animals. You may confused with the myth of cats' lives (the number is either seven or nine, depending on where you are).
You just have to look at the person's pupils; they'll be WIDE open and in general, exposure to bright light will not have any effect on the reflex of the iris to shrink.
The shutter speed setting controls the picture exposure, or how dark or bright the picture will be. Wikipedia has some very good information on shutter speed and aperture.