Sunnet is the ceremony of circumcision in Turkey.
No. tarawih is not fard. It is Nafal which means that it is purely optional.
Yes, they pray tarawih. refer to question below for more information.
Only during the last ten days of Ramadan.
Tarawih prayers are special prayers performed by Muslims during the Islamic month of Ramadan. They are optional prayers that are usually performed in congregation at night after the obligatory night prayer (Isha). The Tarawih prayers consist of a series of units of prayer known as rak'ahs, and are meant to seek spiritual rewards and blessings during the holy month of fasting.
Fasting, Tarawih, reproduce charity, reading the Qur'an, Prayer Night.
Tarawih is a prayer after breaking fast. It is done mainly after breaking the fast.
It doesn't look like a specific prayer for the last day of Ramadan exists.
The tarawih namaz is sunnat, it is not fard. Also, performing it as 20 rak'ats is sunnat. If one performs it less than this, one will earn less thawab. If one performs it as 20 rak'ats, one will earn more thawab. If one does not perform it at all, one will miss out on great thawab because it was stated in a hadith-i sharif:(Whoever offers the tarawih namaz in Ramadan with faith and with the hope of earning rewards will have his sins forgiven.)[Nasai]It is sunnat-i kifaya to perform it in congregation. That is, if it is performed in congregation in a quarter, when others perform it in their homes, the sunnat is considered to have been fulfilled. (Ni'mat-i Islam)Hadith-i sharifs state that men's performing namaz in congregation in a mosque is 27 times more rewarding than their performing it in their homes. Again hadith-i sharifs state that women's performing namaz in their homes is more rewarding than their performing it in a mosque.
fastingreciting Qurangiving charitypraying what is called TARAWIH that is performed after the evening praying " ISHAA"Being patient and maintaining good morals and conduct
shia accept and pray tarawih. but it is a Mustahab prayer and is not obligatory. so all do not perform it. also in Islam performing Mustahab prayers in Jamaat form is Haram and this is a Bidat made by Umar and himself said: what a good Bidat is this! later Imam Ali S.A. in his government banned performing it in Jamaat (by group) and said this is Haram. today still some sunni Muslims who are follower of Umar perform is in Jammat. what shia reject is performing it in Jammat and not itself. you can find more debated about this in peshaver nights book.
Prayer and Fasting are two of the five Islam pillars. However, Prayer is all year worship while Fasting is mandatory only during the month of Ramadan. So, for those who keep fasting in Ramadan should be keen not to miss praying in Ramadan especially that the reward for praying in Ramadan is higher than for rest of the year. In addition, reciting Quran in Ramadan is very much recommended and rewarded. Recitation of the whole Quran , at least once, during Ramadan is encouraged. This full Quran recitation could also be done during praying the "TARAWIH Prayer". Tarawih praying is ritual praying (of 8 to 20 RAK'AT, done two by two) that are performed after the prayer for " ALESHAA" during the month of Ramadan.