AR-15 is a manufacturer's designation. When Armalite designated the rifle the AR-15, both fully automatic and semi auto only rifles were dubbed as such. M16 is a military nomenclature.
Now, the AR-15 rifles you can buy at your local gun store without having to obtain an NFA Class III permit - those are semi auto only.
No. Only made for the Ruger 10-22.
Barrett makes a range of .50 rifles, some of which are self loading (semiautomatic), and some of which are bolt action. The most famous of these rifles is the M92/M107, which is semiautomatic.
Impossible to value with only the serial number and no other details.
Only if there was one made for an AR-15 upper, which there isn't.
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If it is one of the recent Colt .22LR AR15 rifles, then the answer is no - they are completely different internally.
Impossible to value with only the serial number and no other details.
No
1959
Yes
Semiautomatic means that you don't need to operate the clutch but you do need to select the gear range manually.
The US Army presently uses the M4 carbine, a shorter and much modified version of the Armalite AR15.