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The Athabasca Glacier in Columbia Icefield has waxed and waned several times in history between about 240,000 and 130,000 years before present time. In between 1200 and 1900 AD, the Athabasca glacier reached its greatest historic extent when the locally known Crowfoot advancement occurred. In few years, the Athabasca glacier retreated and in 1800, it started to advance again. After 10 years, the Athabasca glacier has been declining steadily since then.

Several factors could have potentially caused the advancement and retreat of the Athabasca Glacier. One of them is due to the icefalls whereby ice descends about 120m in the highest icefall, causing the cliff surface to clash with the Athabasca glacier surface. Another apparent reasoning is the processes of crevassing where irregularly sized bedrocks and frictional forces between the valley floor can result in the rate of flowing water.

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Q: Is the Athabasca Glacier advancing or retreating?
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